Cyclotron Yield Calculator

Physical yield vs entrance energy

Excitation function

Method & data

The target is any chemical composition — element, compound, or alloy (decimal subscripts are atom fractions). The production rate of each nuclide is the integral of σ(E)/S(E) over the energy window, times the parent atom density and beam flux; activity at EOB = R·(1−e^−λt). Every radioactive product (20 s ≤ T½ ≤ 150 y) of every naturally occurring isotope of every element in the formula is summed over the isotopic composition. The six main medical channels (⁵²ᵍMn, ⁴⁴ᵍSc, ⁶¹Cu, ⁶⁴Cu, ⁸⁶ᵍY, ⁸⁹Zr) use IAEA recommended cross sections; all other channels use TENDL-2025 (TALYS-based model calculations, typically accurate to tens of percent; co-production data to 45 MeV). Stopping powers are ATIMA values combined by Bragg additivity, benchmarked against NIST PSTAR (≈1–5%). Abundances, masses, and half-lives are from the IAEA Live Chart / RIPL. Yields are direct production only — in-growth from co-produced parents is not included, and fission of heavy targets is out of scope. The synthetic HPGe spectrum uses ENSDF photon emissions (IAEA Live Chart; 511 keV annihilation and X-rays included) with a calibrated lab HPGe efficiency curve (ε(1332 keV) = 4.55×10⁻⁶, rescalable via the API). It plots the expected count rate — the noise-free shape approached with infinite counting time — with Gaussian peaks and an energy-dependent peak-to-total continuum (Klein–Nishina Compton with a smeared edge, single/double escape peaks above 1022 keV, and a backscatter bump); no true coincidence summing or target self-absorption. A plausible detector response, not a response-matrix simulation — verify against measured yields.